Brief Summary:
Researchers are looking for new ways to treat high-risk non muscle invasive bladder
cancer (HR NMIBC). NMIBC is cancer in the tissue that lines the inside of the bladder but
has not spread to the bladder muscle or outside of the bladder. High-risk means NMIBC may
have a high chance of getting worse or coming back after treatment.
The goals of this study are to learn: 1. If more people who receive pembrolizumab with
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) have no signs of cancer in their body and live longer
without the cancer growing, spreading, or coming back compared to people who receive BCG
alone. 2. About the safety and how well people tolerate BCG alone or in combination with
pembrolizumab.
Inclusion Criteria:
- Have locally and blinded independent central review (BICR)-confirmed histological
diagnosis of high-risk non-muscle invasive (T1, high grade Ta and/or CIS) UC of the
bladder
- Has undergone cystoscopy/ transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) to remove
all resectable disease
- Has provided tissue for biomarker analysis
- Has Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0, 1 or 2
- Has adequate organ function
- During the treatment period and for ≥7 days after the last dose of BCG, male
participants are EITHER abstinent from heterosexual intercourse as their preferred
and usual lifestyle and agree to remain abstinent, OR, must agree to use
contraception unless confirmed to be azoospermic
- Female participants who are not pregnant, not breastfeeding, and either not a woman
of child bearing potential (WOCBP); or are a WOCBP who agrees to use a contraception
method that is highly effective or remains abstinent from heterosexual intercourse
during the treatment period and for ≥7 days after the last dose of BCG or 120 days
after the last dose of pembrolizumab, whichever comes last
BCG Post-induction Cohort (Cohort A) Only
- Has been treated with one adequate course of BCG induction therapy for the treatment
of HR NMIBC
- Following adequate BCG induction therapy, must have persistent or recurrent HR NMIBC
Exclusion Criteria:
- Has a history of or concurrent locally advanced (i.e., T2, T3, T4) or metastatic UC
- Has concurrent extra-vesical (i.e, urethra, ureter, renal pelvis) non-muscle
invasive urothelial carcinoma or a history of extra-vesical non-muscle invasive UC
- Has received prior therapy with anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, or anti-PD-L2 agent or with
an agent directed to another stimulatory or co-inhibitory T-cell receptor
- Has received prior systemic anti-cancer therapy including investigational agents
within 4 weeks of start of study treatment
- Is currently participating in or has participated in a study of an investigational
agent or has used an investigational device within 4 weeks of start of study
treatment
- Has a diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving chronic systemic steroid therapy
or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days of start of study
treatment
- Has a known additional malignancy that is progressing or requires active treatment
within the past 3 years
- Has an active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in past 2
years
- Has a history of (non-infectious) pneumonitis/interstitial lung disease that
required steroids or has current pneumonitis/interstitial lung disease
- Has one or more of the following contraindications to BCG: prior BCG sepsis or
systemic infection, total bladder incontinence, or an adverse experience to a
previous BCG instillation that resulted in treatment discontinuation and precludes
retreating with BCG
- Has an active infection or diagnosis requiring systemic antimicrobial therapy
- Has a known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
- Has a known history of Hepatitis B or known active Hepatitis C virus infection
- Has current active tuberculosis
- Has had an allogenic-tissue/solid organ transplant
- Has any contraindication(s) to IV contrast or is otherwise unable to have screening
imaging with IV contrast performed
BCG Post-induction Cohort (Cohort A) Only - Has persistent T1 disease following an
induction course of BCG
BCG Naïve Cohort (Cohort B) Only
- Has received any prior treatment with BCG for their NMIBC within the past 2 years
prior to study entry
Primary outcome:
1. Complete Response Rate (CRR) by Blinded Independent Central Review (BICR) (Cohort A) (Time Frame - Up to ~3.5 years):
CRR is defined as the percentage of participants with CIS achieving a complete response
(CR).
2. Event-Free Survival (EFS) (Cohort B) (Time Frame - Up to ~5 years):
EFS is defined as the time from randomization until urothelial carcinoma (UC)-defined
event, or death due to any cause.
Secondary outcome:
1. EFS (Cohort A) (Time Frame - Up to ~5 years):
EFS is defined as the time from randomization until UC-defined event, or death due to any
cause.
2. Recurrence-Free Survival (RFS) (Cohorts A and B) (Time Frame - Up to ~5 years):
RFS is defined as the time from randomization until the first occurrence of any UC
recurrence, progression, or death due to any cause.
3. Overall Survival (OS) (Cohorts A and B) (Time Frame - Up to ~5 years):
OS is defined as the time from randomization to death due to any cause.
4. Disease Specific Survival (DSS) (Cohorts A and B) (Time Frame - Up to ~5 years):
DSS is defined as the time from randomization to death due to bladder cancer.
5. Time to Cystectomy (Cohorts A and B) (Time Frame - Up to ~5 years):
Time to cystectomy is defined as the time from a participant's randomization until the
date of cystectomy.
6. 12-Month EFS Rate (Cohort A) (Time Frame - 12 months after EFS (up to ~5 years)):
EFS is defined as the time from randomization until UC-defined event, or death due to any
cause. The 12-month EFS rate is defined as the percentage of participants with EFS at 12
months.
7. Duration of Response (DOR) (Cohorts A and B) (Time Frame - Up to ~5 years):
DOR is defined as the time from first documented CR until end of response or death due to
any cause, whichever occurs first.
8. 12-Month DOR Rate (Cohorts A and B) (Time Frame - 12 months after CR (up to ~4.5 years)):
The 12-month DOR Rate is defined as the percentage of participants with a CR of at least
12 months duration.
9. Percentage of Participants Experiencing Adverse Events (AEs) (Cohorts A and B) (Time Frame - Up to ~5 years):
An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant that is temporally associated
with the use of study treatment, whether or not considered related to the study
treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an
abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease (new or exacerbated) temporally
associated with the use of a study treatment.
10. Percentage of Participants Discontinuing Study Drug Due to AEs (Cohorts A and B) (Time Frame - Up to ~5 years):
An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant that is temporally associated
with the use of study treatment, whether or not considered related to the study
treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an
abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease (new or exacerbated) temporally
associated with the use of a study treatment.
11. Change from Baseline in the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)-Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (QLQ-C30) Global Health Status/Quality of Life (Items 29 and 30) Combined Score (Cohorts A and B) (Time Frame - Baseline, time of last PRO assessment (up to ~2 years)):
The EORTC-QLQ-C30 is a 30-item questionnaire developed to assess the quality of life of
cancer patients. Participant responses to the questions "How would you rate your overall
health during the past week?" and "How would you rate your overall quality of life during
the past week?" are scored on a 7-point scale (1=Very Poor to 7=Excellent). Using linear
transformation, raw scores are standardized, so that scores range from 0 to 100. A higher
score indicates a better overall outcome. The change from baseline in Global Health
Status/Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-C30 Items 29 and 30) combined score will be presented.
12. Change from Baseline in EORTC-QLQ-C30 Physical Functioning (Items 1-5) Combined Score (Cohorts A and B) (Time Frame - Baseline, time of last PRO assessment (up to ~2 years)):
EORTC-QLQ-C30 is a 30-item questionnaire developed to assess the quality of life of
cancer patients. Participant responses to 5 questions about their physical functioning
are scored on a 4-point scale (1=Not at All to 4=Very Much). Using linear transformation,
raw scores are standardized, so that scores range from 0 to 100. A higher score indicates
a better quality of life. The change from baseline in Physical Functioning (EORTC QLQ-C30
Items 1-5) combined score will be presented.
13. Change from Baseline in EORTC-QLQ-Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Module 24 (NMIBC24) Total Score (Cohorts A and B) (Time Frame - Baseline, time of last PRO assessment (up to ~2 years)):
The EORTC-QLQ-NMIBC24 is a 24-item questionnaire developed to supplement the EORTC
QLQ-C30 in high-risk NMIBC patients. Each item is scored out of 4 total points (1=Not at
All to 4=Very Much). All responses are transformed from 0 to 100, with a high score
indicating more symptoms or problems. The change from baseline in EORTC-QLQ-NMIBC24 total
score will be presented.
14. Change from Baseline in European Quality of Life (EuroQoL)-5 Dimensions, 5-level Questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) Visual Analogue Score (VAS) (Cohorts A and B) (Time Frame - Baseline, time of last PRO assessment (up to ~2 years)):
The EQ-5D-5L VAS records the respondent's self-rated health on a 10 cm vertical, visual
analogue scale. It is rated by the respondent on a scale 0 to 100, with 0 being "the
worst health you can imagine" and 100 being "the best health you can imagine". The change
from baseline in EQ-5D-5L VAS will be presented.
15. Time to Deterioration (TTD) in the EORTC-QLQ-C30 Global Health Status/Quality of Life (Items 29 and 30) Combined Score (Cohorts A and B) (Time Frame - Time of last PRO assessment (up to ~2 years)):
EORTC-QLQ-C30 is a 30-item questionnaire developed to assess the quality of life of
cancer patients. Participant responses to the questions "How would you rate your overall
health during the past week?" and "How would you rate your overall quality of life during
the past week?" are scored on a 7-point scale (1=Very Poor to 7=Excellent). Using linear
transformation, raw scores are standardized, so that scores range from 0 to 100. A higher
score indicates a better overall outcome. TTD in Global Health Status/Quality of Life is
defined as the time from baseline to the first onset of a 10 point or greater decrease
from baseline in the Global Health Status/Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-C30 Items 29 and 30)
combined score, with or without subsequent confirmation.
16. TTD in the EQ-5D-5L VAS (Cohorts A and B) (Time Frame - Time of last PRO assessment (up to ~2 years)):
The EQ-5D-5L VAS records the respondent's self-rated health on a 20 cm vertical, visual
analogue scale. It is rated by the respondent on a scale 0 to 100, with 0 being "the
worst health you can imagine" and 100 being "the best health you can imagine". TTD in
EQ-5D-5L VAS is defined as the time from baseline to the first onset of a 7 point or
greater decrease from baseline in EQ-5D-5L VAS, with or without subsequent confirmation,
under a right-censoring rule.
17. CRR by BICR (Cohort B) (Time Frame - Up to ~3.5 years):
CRR is defined as the percentage of participants with CIS achieving a CR.
18. 24-Month EFS Rate (Cohort B) (Time Frame - 24 months after EFS (Up to ~5 years)):
EFS is defined as the time from randomization until UC-defined event, or death due to any
cause. The 24-month EFS rate is defined as the percentage of participants with EFS at 24
months.
- Experimental: BCG plus Pembrolizumab: Post-induction Cohort A (Arm A-1)
Participants receive BCG (Induction and Maintenance) in combination with 200 mg
pembrolizumab administered intravenously (IV) every 3 weeks (Q3W) for 35 doses (~2
years). - Experimental: BCG Monotherapy: Post-induction Cohort A (Arm A-2)
Participants receive BCG monotherapy (Induction and Maintenance). - Experimental: BCG plus Pembrolizumab: BCG Naïve Cohort B-Reduced Maintenance (Arm B-1)
Participants receive BCG (Induction and reduced Maintenance) in combination with 400 mg
pembrolizumab administered IV every 6 weeks (Q6W) for 9 doses (~1 year). - Experimental: BCG plus Pembrolizumab: BCG Naïve Cohort B-Full Maintenance (Arm B-2)
Participants receive BCG (Induction and full Maintenance) in combination with 400 mg
pembrolizumab administered IV Q6W for 9 doses (~1 year). - Experimental: BCG Monotherapy: BCG Naïve Cohort B (Arm B-3)
Participants receive BCG monotherapy (Induction and Maintenance).
- Pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA® / MK-3475 / ):
Pembrolizumab IV infusion of 200 mg Q3W for BCG Post-Induction Cohort (Cohort A), or IV
infusion of 400 mg Q6W for BCG Naïve Cohort (Cohort B), according to randomization - BCG (TICE® BCG / OncoTICE® / ):
BCG (intravesical instillation): powder for instillation fluid for intravesical use,
administered during Induction and Maintenance therapy
Quelle: ClinicalTrials.gov
